The End Child Poverty coalition last week published new figures on the levels of child poverty in the UK.  These reveal that there are now constituencies within the UK where more than half of children are growing up in poverty, compared to one in ten, in the areas with the lowest child poverty rates. The full report and data are available on their website

Among the twenty parliamentary constituencies with the highest levels of childhood poverty, seven are located in London, three in Birmingham, and three in Manchester. 

Sam Royston, Chair of End Child Poverty and Director of Policy and Research at the Children’s Society said “No family in modern Britain should be struggling to put food on the table, heat their homes and clothe their children.  End Child Poverty is calling on the Chancellor to end the freeze on children’s benefits, and to invest in interest free credit for low income families, to ensure that poverty doesn’t result in spiralling debt.”

Greater Manchester Parliamentary Constituency figures, showing the level of child poverty in that area:

Altrincham & Sale West 14.2%

Ashton in Makerfield 22%

Ashton under Lyne 31.6%

Blackley & Broughton 44.7%

Bolton North East 35.5%

Bolton South East 39.5%

Bolton West 24.4%

Bury North 27.7%

Bury South 26.5%

Cheadle 16%

Denton & Reddish 25.8%

Hazel Grove 18.8%

Heywood & Middleton 28.6%

Leigh 24.3%

Manchester Central 47.5%

Manchester Gorton 48%

Manchester Withington 33.5%

Oldham East & Saddleworth 37.4%

Oldham West & Royton 45.6%

Rochdale 41%

Salford & Eccles 31.2%

Stalybridge & Hyde 30.1%

Stockport 27%

Stretford & Urmston 30.3%

Wigan 27.3%

Worsley & Eccles South 29.6%

Wythenshawe & Sale East 30%

The Mayor’s focus on school readiness highlights the need for good practice sharing and promotion

By Graham Whitham

Andy Burnham

Today is the first day at school for about 35,000 children across Greater Manchester. Last week Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, set out his plan to focus on early years and ensure that children have the skills and support they need to do well at school.

Despite improvements across Greater Manchester, the city region still lags behind the national average when it comes to the proportion of children who are ‘school ready’ (the government’s measure of whether children have certain basic skills when they start primary school).

The evidence suggests that improvements in school readiness aren’t evenly spread across different households, with children from low income households still much more likely to lack basic skills when they are four and five.

GMPA welcomes the Mayor’s focus on this agenda. A collaborative and joined up approach across GM can ensure that childcare providers, schools, parents and other stakeholders can work together to ensure children in our city region get the best start in life. There are already examples of good practice within and outside GM, and GMPA would like to see more being done to ensure local authorities and others are able to evidence and promote good practice. This extends beyond a focus on early years, to wider family and child poverty strategies and initiatives. Too often, good practice in one part of the country remains under the radar or, where there is awareness of it, can’t be replicated in other areas due to lack of funding.

Fostering a culture of good practice sharing and replication in GM would help the Mayor achieve his aim of illustrating to the rest of the country how public services delivery can be done in a more joined up and preventative way.

GMCA report 

Benefit freezes and ‘poverty premiums’ leave struggling families out in the cold  by End Child Poverty

Rises in the cost of living will outstrip meagre increases in child benefit by 17 times by 2020, a new report from the End Child Poverty coalition has revealed.  The coalition’s “Feeling the Pinch” report shows that reductions in the value of benefits, relative to costs of living, are likely to leave a family with two children living in poverty, worse off by as much as £2800 per year by 2020, compared to the start of the decade.

In addition, analysis shows that a family in a typical privately rented two-bedroom property could also have a rent shortfall of around £154 a month by 2020, after a four-year freeze on housing benefit.

At the same time, families in poverty often have to pay more for essentials, despite being least able to afford them (known as the ‘poverty premium’).  Essential household items like a cooker, energy and home insurance are likely to cost a family living in poverty nearly £1700 more than a higher income family would have to pay.

The coalition is warning that the disconnect between increases in financial support and those in the costs of living, together with the poverty premium, is leaving many families struggling to buy food for their children, or heat their home in winter.

End Child Poverty is calling on the Government to take action by ending the current four-year freeze on children’s benefits, by increasing help with housing costs in line with local rents and also by establishing a commission to explore how businesses can ensure that customers on a low income don’t end up paying the highest prices for goods and services.

Sam Royston, chair of the End Child Poverty coalition, said: “Families living in poverty are trapped between frozen support, rising costs of living, and a hefty poverty premium which means that they pay the most for basic essentials. End Child Poverty members know all too well the impact this poverty trap has on children’s lives. “

The full report ‘Feeling the Pinch’ from End Child Poverty is available online here

The coalition’s analysis shows that in April 2010, benefit income for an out-of-work single parent with two children (excluding housing costs) was around £198 per week. In order to keep up with the rise in the cost of living by 2020, this would have to increase to around £267 per week. The family’s actual 2020 income is expected to be around £214 per week. The real loss of £53 per week will leave this family worse off by nearly £2,800 a year.

Where private tenants’ rents have risen between 2010 and 2015 in line with average rental price inflation (a total of 11.7 per cent over the five-year period), a family renting a typical two-bedroom property in 2015 faced a shortfall of £82 per month on their Housing Benefit entitlement, compared with their actual rent.

In 2015, the new government decided to freeze local housing allowance rates for four years – from 2016 through to 2020. If actual rents rise by another 11.7 per cent during the second half of the decade, families in a typical two-bedroom property could see the shortfall increase by £72 per month – a total shortfall of around £154 per month.

The poverty premium calculation updates an illustration previously published by Save the Children. It finds that a typical low-income family could face an annual poverty premium of around £1,700 for everyday goods and services. The items included in the calculation are shown in the table below. There may also be other areas of spending that are subject to a premium, such as food costs, transport costs and cash withdrawals. These are not included in the poverty premium
calculation, but are explored further in the full report.

As you may recall in November 2016 End Child Poverty published a Child Poverty map of the UK which clearly showed that parts of Greater Manchester were some of the worst affected by child poverty.

Manchester Central was 2nd in the table of constituencies with the highest percentages of
children in poverty in 2015 and Manchester Gorton, and Blackley & Broughton were also in the top 20.

UK Child Poverty rises – 66% of poor children are now in working families

In 2014-15, UK child poverty increased by 200,000 to 3.9 million (after housing costs)

66% of poor children live in working families (up from 64%)

In response to the latest child poverty figures, Alison Garnham, Chief Executive of the Child Poverty Action Group, said:

“In the week we heard the Government is shelving its life chances strategy, we now know more children are facing the harsh reality of growing up poor in the UK today. There are 200,000 more children in poverty than the previous year – but the overall trend is even more worrying.

“These grim figures reinforce projections from experts like the IFS and the Resolution Foundation that UK child poverty is set to rise by 50 per cent or more by 2020.

“Our children cannot afford for the Government to be distracted by Brexit and lose control of child poverty.

“A decade ago, when David Cameron became party leader, he promised that under his leadership his party would measure and act on child poverty. It’s a tragedy that we are now talking about rises in child poverty not falls. It’s also hugely depressing that at a time when we’re seeing rising child poverty the Government has passed legislation that eliminates its target to reduce child poverty, or even to report on the progress it is making.

“Child poverty isn’t inevitable – the Government needs to invest in our children so we can all share the rewards of a stronger economy and a fairer society.

“Two thirds of poor children are in working families, and it is these families who will be hit by cuts to Universal Credit and tax credits announced in last year’s Summer Budget. Working families need a clear and adequately funded plan to tackle the low pay and high housing and childcare costs that expose so many parents to hardship. Families with children and our economy need the Government to start delivering on its promised all-out assault on poverty.”

Poverty is often thought of in simple financial terms but without worrying first about an individual’s access to money, groups of people can find themselves marginalised, without opportunity and facing big disadvantages to being involved in society at all. GMPA is in Tameside to visit People First Tameside, an organisation working with local people with learning disabilities.

Three people in every hundred will have a learning disability, and they are likely to have difficulty with everyday activities and struggle with the same things the rest of us take for granted: understanding information, managing money, living independently, making and sustaining friendships and relationships, and finding and maintaining work. This makes it hard for them to join in with the community, and a vulnerable target for abuse and manipulation. One tragic story is that of the death of David Askew, a cherished and much loved individual member of the People First Tameside community who suffered bullying and abuse for most of his adult life from generations of families around where he lived. David eventually died of a heart attack in 2010 after youths had made another attack on his family home, and the following police investigations into David’s case made national headlines: over 26 young people were involved and one person was given a prison sentence.

“It’s really about tackling disadvantage and inequality”, says Liz Wright, People’s First Tameside manager, “because people with learning disabilities want the same as everyone else. A loving relationship, friendships, good food, travel, to have fun and laugh, to have opportunities in life”. People First Tameside puts people with learning disabilities as central decision makers in the organisation. Where other organisations might describe ‘service users’ for those engaging with their services, here any person with a learning disability that comes through the doors is a ‘member’. All members vote for which of them should be on the Committee, which then makes the fundamental decisions about where to spend the money, which staff to employ, and what activities to pursue. Craig, for example is Secretary and ‘does all the paperwork, typing up the minutes’ while Jenny the financial officer jokes, “I pay the staff”.

The model of total inclusivity moves away from the old almost Victorian model of isolated, top-down and directed care, where people with learning disabilities were looked after in separate institutions, shut up, locked away from ordinary society. “People don’t want others feeling sorry for them”, says Liz, “people want to be part of their community, to be respected and have the same opportunities in life”. And here, they are very much part of the community and they design the resources and help to be able to best integrate with wider society.  Several members laugh with pride announcing that “I am part of the furniture”, a wonderful way of expressing a sense of belonging to a community that isn’t simply short term and will be gone tomorrow.

Core to the services then offered by People First Tameside focus is the “Our Way, Our Day” service, where special one day events and workshops are organised for members to enjoy. GMPA joins People First Tameside for a BBQ, where groups are chopping onions, preparing kebabs, wrapping bananas and chocolate in foil to go on the grill. Terry plays music as the DJ, and there is a lot of laughter and friendship between everyone.  It’s a happy space, and members are easily enjoying themselves. Planned activities include trips to the local nature reserve, arts and crafts days, visits to the National Football Museum, bowling, and trips further afield, to Blackpool for example. Added to the “Our Way, Our Day” is a simple social club and drop in, where members come to relax and spend time with their friends, or ask the staff for help with a letter, for relationship advice, for support to feel safe.

People with learning disabilities often face disadvantages and stigma, whether in accessing services or directly experiencing hate crime, and this has led to Disability Awareness Training being a central pillar in People First Tameside provision. GMPA attended a practice session for the Disability Awareness Training, later to be given in a school. A Powerpoint presentation is projected onto a big wall and members take it in turns to present each slide to the group, reading the content. There is a passion in the room as members talk about their own personal experience of hate crime and vulnerability.  The aim of the training is to raise awareness in schools, targeting our next generation of young people giving them positive messages around disability and difference, with the hope that they will become a much more aware and less likely to discriminate against others for being seen to be different.

There is another crucial pillar to the work of People First Tameside too, “My Life, My Way”, which is bespoke one-to-one support for members around their personal needs and desires and designed specially to help them flourish. This helps individuals into employment, such as Denzel who now has a job two days a week as a cleaner. Through all of this work, it is clear that the people with learning disabilities are put centre stage, empowered, and given opportunities to become full members in society. “It is the most simple things, sharing a meal, passing the salt, going to the pub or sharing a bottle of wine that people with learning difficulties often have no access to” explains Liz, adding “just because you have a disability, it doesn’t mean you have to miss out on life”.

The inspiring work of People First Tameside helps us reflect that the challenge of tackling poverty is about giving everyone in the community opportunity to be fulfilled, to thrive and to feel welcomed. The great potential of community organisations to make a difference to the lives of those in their neighbourhoods can only be
encouraged.

More information is available on their website or follow them on Twitter @Pftameside

Banana Enterprise Network  is a UK registered charity, doing things differently in a caring and supportive way!    We set up for a specific social purpose and ultimately aim to reduce poverty.   We are based in Salford.  Our founder and CEO Jayne Allman created the service after identifying a gap in service provision specifically for unemployed or low waged people of all ages, in our community.   Our unique and supportive service is specifically tailored to the needs of people who consider themselves disadvantaged in some way because they are struggling to find suitable employment or have low income.

We work at grass roots level, in partnership with carefully chosen, highly respected organisations  along with DWP, local community centres, housing providers and work clubs for example. We empower people with essential skills and knowledge, helping to remove barriers they face,  so they can confidently make an informed choice as to whether to take their first steps into exploring the idea of self-employment (or start a business).

We also help people who don’t have a business idea yet, to build on their skills and strengths, work on the essential skills they need when running a business and help them identify potential ideas for self-employment.

Time to explore and build knowledge and skills – We help to build confidence and resilience and we provide “hands on” customer-led support and training in a non targeted way and with no time pressures – just great support from people who care!    We don’t rush things here – we make sure people are ready to take on the world of self-employment and are resilient enough to cope with the ups and downs of self-employment and have the support network in place to survive in business!.  We don’t just “tick” boxes and move on to the next client (like a lot of organisations) – we are here for our clients whenever they need us (we work 7 days a week)!

We plug a gap in provision by offering our unique first steps towards starting a business, which helps people to prepare for the journey ahead!

For many of our clients who have been unable to find work, exploring the idea of self-employment can offer hope, increased self-esteem and confidence and ultimately, provide themselves with a route out of hardship.

More information is available on the website

After spending some time with Banana Enterprise Network the following artcle was written:

Discuss the routes out of poverty and decent work with a good wage will always come high on the list. Businesses offer many people these opportunities, and for many people, starting their own business is a step towards realising their dreams. At a national level, small to medium sized businesses count for about 50% of the UK’s GDP, and of the 5.4 million businesses in the UK, 95% of them were micro-businesses¹ (employing 0-9 people). This rate is lower in Greater Manchester, at 81% of total businesses², but the point remains the same. The economic engine of the nation is driven by small businesses, reducing unemployment and tackling poverty as they do so. So important are small business to the Government’s economic vision that it offers a programme called ‘New Enterprise Allowance” which provides a weekly allowance over a period of 26 weeks (£1274 in total) to help individuals on benefits to start their own business.

But for all of the talk and action, it is widely acknowledged that 50% of small businesses fail in the first couple of years. Jayne Allman, CEO and Founder of Banana Enterprise Network, used to work for the Government’s Enterprise scheme. She says, “I was rejecting 46% of clients who came to see me” who hoped to be supported with their business idea. “They had not done their market research, they didn’t have a business plan”, and she found it very painful. “The experience of rejecting so many good people who just lacked the understanding to take their ideas forward led me to set up this charity to work with them”

GMPA has come to visit Jayne while she delivers a Banana Enterprise Network Introduction to Self-Employment course. We’re in a smart room filled with light at Langworthy Cornerstone, a new build community centre in Salford. Each place around the table has an information pack about the course with a banana on the top.

Banana Enterprise Network offers training in essential skills and knowledge, removing barriers individuals face when they consider self-employment. Jayne is passionate about it and once the attendees for the course have arrived, she begins by saying “starting your own business is easy isn’t it?  We all want to be the next Richard Branson”, then Jayne takes the group through an icebreaker exercise which demonstrates the many barriers facing aspiring entrepreneurs, such as lack of finance, lack of knowledge and business skills and lack of confidence.  During the introductions, it’s clear that most of those attending are receiving benefits.

Banana’s attendees

A lot of previous thinking has clearly gone into what business start-ups the attendees want to pursue, the ideas are sensible, the enthusiasm is obvious. Suggestions include opening a play area for children, selling handmade gifts, starting a decorating business, becoming a personal trainer and opening a restaurant.   We begin the course with Jayne discussing the broad problem of ‘Barriers to Self Employment’.  She puts everyone at ease by sharing her own story. “I’ve had many jobs, I’ve worked at everything up to Director level and I’ve started and failed with three businesses in my life”. Talking about how Banana Enterprise Network was started “with a couple of hundred quid” and within a couple of years “we are forecasting over one hundred thousand in turnover”, the audience sits up, taking notice. Jayne is quick to tackle any ‘can’t do’ feelings. “People said to me, ‘you’ll never be able to get this off the ground.’ Even my own mother said, ‘can’t you get a proper job?” (but her mum helped Jayne obtain her funding to start Banana) “And I say to you: be resilient. Don’t let people grind you down. Keep going.”

The course content, which covers everything from generalities such as what an entrepreneur is, to specific principles of accounting and designing a business plan, is made easier and more accessible by Jayne’s encouragement. The warming combination of direct no-nonsense ‘this is the hardest thing you can do’ and inspiring anecdotes showing how the support and training can really make a difference leaves the room on the edge of their seats. It’s no surprise the course attendees quickly participate, sharing their own stories, making jokes – this is learning in action.

Jayne Allman

As the course progresses, we turn to our packs in front of us. The very first section is called, Your Current Skills and Knowledge Level. It asks people to score from low to high their understanding about subjects such as ‘what self employment involves’, ‘what a business plan is’, ‘budgeting skills’ and ‘what a cashflow forecast is’… At the beginning of the course, many people are circling low numbers (indicating ‘you don’t understand’) across the many questions. By the end of the course, people are circling high numbers – between 8 and 10, showing a huge boost in confidence that they ‘understand completely’ and the evidence for this improvement is in the course content.

The second day of the course puts attenders into the thick of it. Learning about how to market a business, they look at FROGS (Friends, Relatives, Organisations, Groups), with Jayne noting that “the official return from flyers is 1%”. The group discuss legal structures, such as sole traders, limited companies and partnerships, before turning to their homework, based on a designed cashflow for their start-up. Jayne leads the discussion about bookkeeping and pointing to the number marked ‘Total’ on the powerpoint presentation, she adds, “It all comes down to this number here. If it’s black, we’re good. If it’s red, we’re in trouble”.

Banana Enterprise Network is clearly very inspiring. When asked why ‘Bananas’, Jayne says bananas give you energy, they support mental health and are always thought of in a positive way. Attendees learn, improving their confidence by participation and by hearing the true stories of businesses, some have failed, some have succeeded. It’s also undeniably fun, we had a good time. Banana Enterprise Network is part of a wider story GMPA is seeing across Greater Manchester. They play a vital role as a connector by working with people whose current levels of engagement are so low that they feel excluded from accessing services designed to support them. Where applications to the Government’s New Enterprise Allowance Scheme are rejected because prior knowledge is too low, there’s a real contribution to be made encouraging a first layer of support for the individuals who want to be entrepreneurs. Banana Enterprise Network then fills in missing steps on the business ladder, it creates a social glue between the individual, their business and the state and that is a vital contribution in the mission to tackle poverty.

For more information please visit Banana Enterprise Network’s website or follow them on Twitter @Bananaprise

¹ 5.1 million of 5.4 million total businesses. House of Commons Briefing Paper number 06152, 7 December 2015, www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/sn06152.pdf

² With 86,100 businesses of the 105,400 total.  New Economy Manchester, Greater Manchester Key Facts, January 2016